Glossary

Marketing glossary for Nigeria and EMEA

Short, plain definitions of marketing terms, with context for marketers working in Nigeria and across EMEA. Each term links to its own page with a one-sentence answer and a note on how it plays out locally.

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301 redirect

A 301 redirect is a permanent redirect that sends visitors and search engines from an old URL to a new one.

SEO and AI Search

A

A/B testing

A/B testing compares two versions of a page, ad or email by showing each to part of your audience to see which performs better.

Paid Media

AARRR

AARRR, or pirate metrics, is a framework tracking acquisition, activation, retention, referral and revenue.

Growth and Strategy

ABM

Account-based marketing (ABM) targets a defined list of high-value companies with tailored campaigns instead of a broad audience.

Ecommerce and Sales

Activation rate

Activation rate is the percentage of new users who reach the first moment of real value, such as sending a first message or opening a first email.

Growth and Strategy

Ad disclosure

Ad disclosure is clearly telling people when content is paid for or sponsored, for example with a label such as ad or sponsored.

Compliance and Privacy

Ad fatigue

Ad fatigue is the drop in ad performance that happens when the same audience sees the same ad too often.

Paid Media

AEO

Answer engine optimization (AEO) is writing and structuring content so search engines and AI assistants can lift a short, direct answer from it.

SEO and AI Search

Affiliate marketing

Affiliate marketing pays partners a commission for the sales or leads they send to you.

Growth and Strategy

AI Overviews

AI Overviews are AI-generated summaries that Google shows at the top of some search results, with links to its sources.

AI and Marketing Tech

AI search

AI search uses language models to answer questions directly, often with cited sources, instead of only listing links. Examples include Perplexity, ChatGPT search and Google AI Mode.

AI and Marketing Tech

Alt text

Alt text is a short description of an image in a page's code, used by screen readers and search engines.

SEO and AI Search

Anchor text

Anchor text is the clickable words of a link.

SEO and AI Search

Applicant tracking system (ATS)

An applicant tracking system (ATS) is software employers use to collect, store and screen job applications.

Remote Work and Careers

ARCON

The Advertising Regulatory Council of Nigeria (ARCON) is the body that regulates advertising practice in Nigeria.

Compliance and Privacy

Asynchronous work

Asynchronous work is collaborating without needing everyone online at the same moment, using written updates, recorded videos and shared documents.

Remote Work and Careers

Attribution

Attribution is assigning credit for a conversion to the marketing touchpoints that led to it, such as an ad, an email or a search.

Analytics

Average order value (AOV)

Average order value (AOV) is the average amount a customer spends per order, calculated as revenue divided by the number of orders.

Ecommerce and Sales

B

B2B marketing

B2B marketing is promoting products or services to other businesses instead of to individual consumers.

Ecommerce and Sales

B2C marketing

B2C marketing is promoting products or services directly to individual consumers.

Ecommerce and Sales

Backlink

A backlink is a link from another website to yours, which search engines treat as a signal of trust and relevance.

SEO and AI Search

Bounce rate

Bounce rate is the percentage of website sessions where the visitor did not engage. In GA4 it is the opposite of the engagement rate.

Analytics

Brand ambassador

A brand ambassador is a person who represents and promotes a brand, often long term.

Content and Social

Brand awareness

Brand awareness is how well your target audience recognises and remembers your brand.

Growth and Strategy

Brand equity

Brand equity is the extra value a brand has because people recognise, trust and prefer it.

Branding and Creative

Brand guidelines

Brand guidelines are a document that sets out how a brand looks and sounds, including logo use, colours, fonts and tone of voice.

Branding and Creative

Brand identity

Brand identity is the visible and verbal parts of a brand that people recognise, such as its name, logo, colours, fonts and tone.

Branding and Creative

Brand storytelling

Brand storytelling uses a clear story, such as why the business exists or how a customer succeeded, to make a brand memorable.

Branding and Creative

Brand voice

Brand voice is the consistent personality and style a brand uses in its writing and speech.

Branding and Creative

Buyer persona

A buyer persona is a semi-fictional profile of a typical customer, built from research, including goals, problems and buying habits.

Branding and Creative

C

CAC

Customer acquisition cost (CAC) is the total sales and marketing cost of winning one new customer.

Paid Media

Call to action (CTA)

A call to action (CTA) is the instruction that tells a reader what to do next, such as Subscribe free or Book a call.

Branding and Creative

CAN-SPAM

CAN-SPAM is a United States law that sets rules for commercial email, including honest sender details and a working opt-out.

Compliance and Privacy

Canonical URL

A canonical URL is the preferred version of a page that you tell search engines to index when several URLs show similar content.

SEO and AI Search

Carousel post

A carousel post is a social post with several swipeable images or slides.

Content and Social

Cart abandonment

Cart abandonment is when a shopper adds items to a cart but leaves without buying.

Ecommerce and Sales

Case study

A case study is a detailed account of how a customer or project achieved a result, with numbers and context.

Content and Social

Cash on delivery (COD)

Cash on delivery (COD), also called pay on delivery, is a payment option where the customer pays when the order arrives.

Ecommerce and Sales

CDP

A customer data platform (CDP) gathers customer data from many sources into one profile per person that other marketing tools can use.

AI and Marketing Tech

Chatbot

A chatbot is software that chats with people to answer questions or collect details, on a website or in an app such as WhatsApp.

AI and Marketing Tech

Churn rate

Churn rate is the percentage of customers or subscribers who stop buying or cancel in a given period.

Ecommerce and Sales

Click fraud

Click fraud is fake or invalid clicks on ads, from bots or people trying to waste a competitor's budget.

Paid Media

Click rate

Click rate is the percentage of delivered emails in which a link was clicked.

Email and CRM

Co-marketing

Co-marketing is two or more brands partnering on a campaign or content to reach each other's audiences.

Growth and Strategy

Cohort analysis

Cohort analysis compares groups of users who share a starting point, such as the month they signed up, to see how behaviour changes over time.

Analytics

Cold email

Cold email is a first message sent to someone who has not asked to hear from you, usually to start a business conversation.

Ecommerce and Sales

Community management

Community management is building and looking after an online group of customers or fans, replying to comments and starting conversations.

Content and Social

Competitor analysis

Competitor analysis is studying competitors' products, pricing, messaging and marketing to find gaps and threats.

Growth and Strategy

Consent management platform

A consent management platform (CMP) is a tool that shows cookie and tracking choices to visitors, records their decisions and controls which tags run.

Compliance and Privacy

Content audit

A content audit is a review of all your existing content to decide what to keep, update, merge or remove.

Content and Social

Content calendar

A content calendar is a schedule of what you will publish, where and when.

Content and Social

Content marketing

Content marketing is creating and sharing useful material, such as articles, videos and newsletters, to attract and keep an audience.

Content and Social

Content repurposing

Content repurposing is turning one piece of content into several formats, such as an article into a video, a carousel and a newsletter item.

Content and Social

Contract-to-hire

Contract-to-hire is an arrangement where someone starts as a contractor and may later be offered a permanent role.

Remote Work and Careers

Conversion event

A conversion event, called a key event in GA4, is an action you mark as valuable, such as a sign-up or a purchase.

Analytics

Conversion rate

Conversion rate is the percentage of visitors who complete a goal, such as buying or subscribing.

Paid Media

Conversions API

The Conversions API (CAPI) sends conversion events from your server straight to Meta, instead of relying only on the browser pixel.

Paid Media

Cookie consent

Cookie consent is getting a visitor's permission before storing non-essential cookies or similar trackers on their device.

Compliance and Privacy

Copywriting

Copywriting is writing persuasive text, such as ads, landing pages and emails, that moves people to take an action.

Branding and Creative

Core Web Vitals

Core Web Vitals are Google's measures of page experience: how fast the main content loads, how quickly the page responds and how stable the layout is.

SEO and AI Search

Cover letter

A cover letter is a short letter sent with a CV that explains why you suit a particular role.

Remote Work and Careers

CPA

Cost per acquisition (CPA) is the average cost of getting one conversion, such as a sale or a sign-up.

Paid Media

CPC

Cost per click (CPC) is the average amount you pay for each click on an ad.

Paid Media

CPM

Cost per mille (CPM) is what you pay for every 1,000 ad impressions.

Paid Media

Crawl budget

Crawl budget is the number of pages a search engine will crawl on your site in a given time.

SEO and AI Search

Creator economy

The creator economy is the market of independent creators who earn from content through audiences, sponsors and products.

Content and Social

CRM

A customer relationship management (CRM) system stores contacts, tracks every interaction and helps teams manage leads and customers.

Email and CRM

Cross-border payments

Cross-border payments are payments sent between countries, such as a foreign employer paying a remote worker.

Remote Work and Careers

Cross-selling

Cross-selling is suggesting related products that go with what a customer is already buying.

Ecommerce and Sales

CTR

Click-through rate (CTR) is the percentage of people who see an ad or link and click it, calculated as clicks divided by impressions.

Paid Media

Custom audience

A custom audience is a group you define for ad targeting, such as an uploaded customer list or people who visited your site.

Paid Media

Customer journey

The customer journey is the full set of steps and touchpoints a person goes through from first learning about you to buying and beyond.

Growth and Strategy

Customer retention

Customer retention is keeping existing customers buying from you over time.

Ecommerce and Sales

D

Data controller

A data controller is the organization that decides why and how personal data is collected and used.

Compliance and Privacy

Data subject request

A data subject request is a person's request to see, correct, delete or move the personal data an organization holds about them.

Compliance and Privacy

Deliverability

Email deliverability is how likely your emails are to reach the inbox instead of the spam folder or being blocked.

Email and CRM

Differentiation

Differentiation is what makes your offer clearly different from alternatives in a way customers value.

Growth and Strategy

Digital PR

Digital PR is earning coverage and links from online publications through news, data and expert commentary.

SEO and AI Search

Display advertising

Display advertising is showing visual ads, such as banners and images, on websites, apps and video.

Paid Media

DKIM

DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) adds a digital signature to your emails so receivers can check they really came from your domain and were not changed.

Email and CRM

DMARC

DMARC is an email authentication policy that tells receiving servers what to do with messages that fail SPF or DKIM checks, and sends you reports.

Email and CRM

Domain authority

Domain authority is a score from an SEO tool that estimates how strongly a site could rank. It is a third-party metric, not a Google ranking factor.

SEO and AI Search

Double opt-in

Double opt-in asks a new subscriber to confirm their email address by clicking a link before they join the list.

Email and CRM

E

E-E-A-T

E-E-A-T stands for experience, expertise, authoritativeness and trustworthiness, the qualities Google's quality guidelines use to judge content.

SEO and AI Search

Ecommerce marketing

Ecommerce marketing is promoting an online store to attract visitors, turn them into buyers and bring them back.

Ecommerce and Sales

Email automation

Email automation sends messages automatically when a trigger happens, such as a sign-up, a purchase or a period of inactivity.

Email and CRM

Email bounce rate

Email bounce rate is the percentage of sent emails that were not delivered.

Email and CRM

Employee advocacy

Employee advocacy is staff sharing their company's content and news on their own social accounts.

Content and Social

Employer of record (EOR)

An employer of record (EOR) is a company that legally employs a worker on behalf of another company in a given country, handling payroll, taxes and benefits.

Remote Work and Careers

Engagement rate

Engagement rate is the share of people who interact with content, through likes, comments, shares or clicks, relative to reach or followers.

Analytics

Entity SEO

Entity SEO is making clear to search engines and AI tools who or what your brand, people and topics are, and how they connect.

SEO and AI Search

Evergreen content

Evergreen content stays useful and accurate for a long time, instead of being tied to a news moment.

Content and Social

F

FCCPC

The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) is the Nigerian body that enforces consumer protection and competition law.

Compliance and Privacy

Featured snippet

A featured snippet is a short answer Google shows at the top of search results, taken from a web page.

SEO and AI Search

First-party data

First-party data is information you collect directly from your own audience, such as email sign-ups, purchases and site behaviour.

AI and Marketing Tech

Flywheel

A flywheel is a growth model in which each stage, such as attracting, engaging and delighting customers, feeds the next and builds momentum.

Growth and Strategy

Freelance rate

A freelance rate is the price a freelancer charges for work, set per hour, per day, per project or per month.

Remote Work and Careers

Freemium

Freemium is a model where a basic version of a product is free and extra features are paid.

Ecommerce and Sales

Frequency

Frequency is the average number of times each person saw your ad.

Paid Media

G

GA4

Google Analytics 4 (GA4) is Google's analytics platform, which tracks user activity as events across websites and apps.

Analytics

GDPR

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the European Union's law on collecting and using personal data. It requires a legal basis such as consent and gives people rights over their data.

Compliance and Privacy

Generative AI

Generative AI is artificial intelligence that creates new content, such as text, images, audio and video, from a prompt.

AI and Marketing Tech

GEO

Generative engine optimization (GEO) is improving how often AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity mention or cite your brand in the answers they generate.

SEO and AI Search

Geo-targeting

Geo-targeting is showing ads only to people in chosen locations, such as a country, a city or a radius.

Paid Media

Global payroll

Global payroll is paying employees in different countries correctly, including local taxes, benefits and currency.

Remote Work and Careers

Go-to-market (GTM)

A go-to-market (GTM) strategy is the plan for launching a product or entering a market: who it is for, and how it is positioned, priced and sold.

Growth and Strategy

Google Ads

Google Ads is Google's advertising platform for showing ads on Search, YouTube, Display and other Google properties.

Paid Media

Google Business Profile

Google Business Profile is a free listing that controls how a business appears on Google Search and Maps.

SEO and AI Search

Google Search Console

Google Search Console is a free Google tool that shows how a site appears in Google search, including queries, clicks, indexing and errors.

SEO and AI Search

Growth marketing

Growth marketing is using fast experiments across the whole customer journey to find the most efficient ways to acquire, retain and monetise customers.

Growth and Strategy

H

Hard bounce

A hard bounce is a permanent delivery failure, such as an address that does not exist.

Email and CRM

Hashtag

A hashtag is a word or phrase with a # sign that groups posts on a topic and helps people find them.

Content and Social

Heatmap

A heatmap is a visual that shows where visitors click, scroll or move on a page.

Analytics

Hreflang

Hreflang is a code that tells search engines which language or country version of a page to show to which users.

SEO and AI Search

Hybrid work

Hybrid work is a model where employees split their time between an office and working remotely.

Remote Work and Careers

I

ICP

An ideal customer profile (ICP) describes the type of company or person that gets the most value from your product and is most valuable to you.

Branding and Creative

Impressions

Impressions are the number of times an ad or piece of content is shown, whether or not anyone clicks.

Paid Media

Incrementality

Incrementality is the extra result caused by a marketing activity, compared with what would have happened without it.

Analytics

Independent contractor

An independent contractor works for clients under a service agreement instead of as an employee, usually invoicing for the work and handling their own taxes.

Remote Work and Careers

Influencer marketing

Influencer marketing is paying or partnering with creators to promote a product to their audience.

Content and Social

Internal linking

Internal linking is linking from one page of your site to another, which helps visitors and search engines find and understand content.

SEO and AI Search

International SEO

International SEO is optimizing a site to rank in several countries or languages.

SEO and AI Search

IP warm-up

IP warm-up is gradually increasing your email volume from a new sending address or domain so mailbox providers learn to trust it.

Email and CRM

K

Keyword cannibalization

Keyword cannibalization is when several pages on one site compete for the same search term, so none ranks well.

SEO and AI Search

Keyword match types

Keyword match types, broad, phrase and exact, control how closely a search must match your keyword before your ad can show.

Paid Media

Keyword research

Keyword research is finding the words and questions your audience types into search engines, and how often, so you can plan content around them.

SEO and AI Search

KPI

A key performance indicator (KPI) is a measurable number that shows whether you are reaching an important goal.

Analytics

L

Landing page

A landing page is a standalone web page built for one goal, such as a sign-up or purchase, usually reached from an ad, email or search.

Branding and Creative

Last-click attribution

Last-click attribution gives all the credit for a conversion to the final touchpoint before it.

Analytics

Lead form ads

Lead form ads are ads with a built-in form so people can submit their details without leaving the platform.

Paid Media

Lead generation

Lead generation is attracting people who show interest in your product and collecting their contact details so you can follow up.

Ecommerce and Sales

Lead magnet

A lead magnet is something free and useful, such as a template, guide or checklist, offered in exchange for an email address.

Email and CRM

Lead scoring

Lead scoring gives each lead points based on fit and behaviour so sales can follow up with the most promising first.

AI and Marketing Tech

Learning phase

The learning phase is the early period when an ad platform's system tests and calibrates how to deliver a new or changed campaign.

Paid Media

Legitimate interest

Legitimate interest is a legal basis in the GDPR that allows using personal data without consent when it is necessary, balanced against the person's rights.

Compliance and Privacy

Link building

Link building is earning links from other websites to yours, mainly through useful content, partnerships and digital PR.

SEO and AI Search

Link in bio

A link in bio is the single link on a social profile that points people to your site, offer or a page of links.

Content and Social

LinkedIn Ads

LinkedIn Ads is LinkedIn's advertising platform, which targets people by job title, company, industry and seniority.

Paid Media

LinkedIn profile

A LinkedIn profile is your public professional page on LinkedIn, showing your experience, skills and results.

Remote Work and Careers

List hygiene

List hygiene is regularly removing invalid, inactive and risky addresses so your email list stays healthy.

Email and CRM

LLM

A large language model (LLM) is an AI system trained on large amounts of text to understand and generate language, such as the models behind ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude.

AI and Marketing Tech

llms.txt

llms.txt is a plain text file at the root of a website that lists its key pages in a simple format for AI tools. Its effect on AI visibility is not proven.

SEO and AI Search

Local SEO

Local SEO is improving visibility for searches tied to a place, mainly through a Google Business Profile, consistent business details and local reviews.

SEO and AI Search

Localization

Localization is adapting content, products and campaigns to a specific market, including language, currency, examples and cultural norms.

Branding and Creative

Long-tail keyword

A long-tail keyword is a longer, more specific search phrase, usually with lower volume and clearer intent.

SEO and AI Search

Lookalike audience

A lookalike audience is a group an ad platform builds of people who resemble your existing customers or subscribers.

Paid Media

Looker Studio

Looker Studio is Google's free tool for building reports and dashboards from sources such as GA4, Google Ads and spreadsheets.

Analytics

Loyalty program

A loyalty program rewards repeat customers with points, discounts or perks.

Ecommerce and Sales

LTV

Customer lifetime value (LTV) is the total revenue, or profit, you expect from a customer over the whole relationship.

Growth and Strategy

M

Market research

Market research is collecting information about customers, competitors and the market to guide decisions.

Growth and Strategy

Market segmentation

Market segmentation is dividing a market into groups of customers with similar needs or traits, so each can be targeted differently.

Growth and Strategy

Marketing automation

Marketing automation is software that runs repetitive marketing tasks, such as email sequences, lead scoring and social posting, from rules and triggers.

AI and Marketing Tech

Marketing budget

A marketing budget is the amount of money set aside for marketing in a period, split across channels, tools and people.

Growth and Strategy

Marketing funnel

The marketing funnel is the path from awareness to consideration to purchase, and often loyalty, used to plan what to say at each step.

Analytics

Marketing mix modeling

Marketing mix modeling is a statistical method that estimates how each marketing channel and outside factors affect sales over time.

Analytics

Marketing plan

A marketing plan is a detailed schedule of the campaigns, budgets, owners and targets that carry out a marketing strategy.

Growth and Strategy

Marketing portfolio

A marketing portfolio is a collection of your best work and results, such as campaigns, content and numbers, that you show to employers or clients.

Remote Work and Careers

Marketing strategy

A marketing strategy is the long-term plan for reaching a defined audience and meeting business goals, covering positioning, channels and messaging.

Growth and Strategy

Martech

Martech is the set of software tools marketers use to run, measure and automate their work.

AI and Marketing Tech

Meta Ads

Meta Ads is the advertising platform for Facebook, Instagram, Messenger and WhatsApp.

Paid Media

Meta description

A meta description is the short summary of a page that can appear under its title in search results.

SEO and AI Search

Micro-influencer

A micro-influencer is a creator with a smaller but often more engaged audience, usually between a few thousand and 100,000 followers.

Content and Social

Microsoft Advertising

Microsoft Advertising is the ad platform for the Bing search network and other Microsoft properties.

Paid Media

Mobile-first indexing

Mobile-first indexing means Google mainly uses the mobile version of a page for indexing and ranking.

SEO and AI Search

MQL

A marketing qualified lead (MQL) is a lead that marketing has judged more likely to become a customer, based on their actions or profile.

Ecommerce and Sales

Multi-touch attribution

Multi-touch attribution splits credit for a conversion across several touchpoints in the customer journey.

Analytics

N

Native advertising

Native advertising is paid content designed to match the look and feel of the page or platform where it appears.

Paid Media

NDPA

The Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 (NDPA) is Nigeria's main data protection law, overseen by the Nigeria Data Protection Commission. It sets rules for collecting, using and protecting personal data.

Compliance and Privacy

NDPC

The Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) is the regulator that enforces the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023.

Compliance and Privacy

Negative keywords

Negative keywords are words you tell an ad platform never to show your ad for.

Paid Media

Net Promoter Score (NPS)

Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a loyalty measure based on one question: how likely are you to recommend us, from 0 to 10.

Ecommerce and Sales

Newsletter

A newsletter is an email sent regularly to subscribers with updates, advice or curated content.

Email and CRM

Nofollow

Nofollow is a link attribute that tells search engines not to pass ranking credit through that link.

SEO and AI Search

Noindex

Noindex is an instruction that tells search engines not to show a page in their results.

SEO and AI Search

North star metric

A north star metric is the single number that best shows the value customers get from your product and predicts long-term growth.

Analytics

Notice period

A notice period is the time an employee or employer must give before ending a job or contract.

Remote Work and Careers

O

OKR

Objectives and key results (OKRs) are a goal-setting method that pairs an ambitious objective with a few measurable results.

Growth and Strategy

On-page SEO

On-page SEO is optimizing what is on a page: its title, headings, copy, images, internal links and metadata.

SEO and AI Search

One-click unsubscribe

One-click unsubscribe lets a recipient opt out of a mailing list with a single action, without logging in or filling in a form.

Email and CRM

Online marketplace

An online marketplace is a platform where many sellers list products to many buyers, such as Jumia in Africa or Amazon globally.

Ecommerce and Sales

Open rate

Email open rate is the share of delivered emails that were opened.

Email and CRM

Organic reach

Organic reach is the number of people who see your content without paid promotion.

Content and Social

Organic traffic

Organic traffic is the visitors who reach your site from unpaid search results.

SEO and AI Search

P

Payback period

Payback period is how long it takes for a customer's revenue or profit to cover the cost of acquiring them.

Analytics

Payment friction

Payment friction is anything that makes paying harder, such as limited payment methods, failed card payments or long checkout forms.

Ecommerce and Sales

PECR

The Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR) are UK rules on marketing emails, texts, calls and cookies.

Compliance and Privacy

People Also Ask

People Also Ask is a Google results feature that shows related questions with short expandable answers.

SEO and AI Search

Performance Max

Performance Max is a Google Ads campaign type that uses automation to show ads across Search, YouTube, Display, Gmail and Maps from a single campaign.

Paid Media

Pillar page

A pillar page is a broad, in-depth page on a main topic that links to more detailed pages on its subtopics.

SEO and AI Search

Podcast marketing

Podcast marketing uses audio shows, or sponsorship of them, to reach and build a loyal audience.

Content and Social

POPIA

The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) is South Africa's data protection law.

Compliance and Privacy

Positioning

Positioning is how your product is placed in customers' minds compared with alternatives, based on what makes it different and valuable.

Growth and Strategy

PPC

Pay-per-click (PPC) is an advertising model where you pay each time someone clicks your ad.

Paid Media

Preheader

A preheader is the preview text shown next to or under the subject line in an inbox.

Email and CRM

Privacy policy

A privacy policy is a public statement of what personal data you collect, why, how long you keep it and what rights people have.

Compliance and Privacy

Probation period

A probation period is an initial stretch of employment, often three to six months, in which either side can end the job more easily.

Remote Work and Careers

Product-led growth

Product-led growth is a strategy where the product itself drives sign-ups, upgrades and referrals, often through a free tier or trial.

Growth and Strategy

Product-market fit

Product-market fit is when a product meets a real, strong demand in a market, shown by customers who keep using it and recommend it.

Growth and Strategy

Programmatic advertising

Programmatic advertising is the automated buying and selling of ad space in real time through software.

Paid Media

Programmatic SEO

Programmatic SEO is generating many pages from a template and a data set, such as one page per job role or city.

SEO and AI Search

Prompt engineering

Prompt engineering is writing clear instructions and context for an AI tool so it returns more useful results.

AI and Marketing Tech

Push notification

A push notification is a short message sent to a phone or browser from an app or website the user has allowed to contact them.

Email and CRM

Q

Quality Score

Quality Score is Google Ads' 1 to 10 estimate of how relevant your ad, keyword and landing page are, and it affects ad cost and position.

Paid Media

R

Re-engagement campaign

A re-engagement campaign is a short email series aimed at subscribers who have stopped opening or clicking.

Email and CRM

Reach

Reach is the number of unique people who saw your ad or content at least once.

Paid Media

Referral marketing

Referral marketing rewards existing customers or subscribers for bringing in new ones.

Growth and Strategy

Remote onboarding

Remote onboarding is how a company introduces a new hire to their role, tools and team when no one meets in person.

Remote Work and Careers

Remote-first

A remote-first company treats remote work as the default and designs its processes, hiring and meetings around people who are not in an office.

Remote Work and Careers

Responsive search ads

Responsive search ads are a Google Ads format where you supply several headlines and descriptions and Google combines them to find the best performers.

Paid Media

Retainer

A retainer is a regular fixed payment, usually monthly, that a client pays for ongoing work or availability.

Remote Work and Careers

Retargeting

Retargeting shows ads to people who already visited your site or engaged with your brand but did not convert.

Paid Media

ROAS

Return on ad spend (ROAS) is the revenue earned for every unit of currency spent on ads.

Paid Media

robots.txt

robots.txt is a file at the root of a site that tells crawlers which areas they may or may not visit.

SEO and AI Search

ROI

Return on investment (ROI) is the profit from an activity compared with its cost, usually shown as a percentage.

Analytics

S

Salary band

A salary band is the range of pay a company sets for a role or level.

Remote Work and Careers

Sales pipeline

A sales pipeline is the set of stages a prospect moves through, from first contact to a closed deal, with the value at each stage.

Ecommerce and Sales

Schema markup

Schema markup is code added to a page that labels its content, such as an article, a FAQ or a product, so search engines understand it.

SEO and AI Search

Search intent

Search intent is the goal behind a search query: to learn something, find a site, compare options or buy.

SEO and AI Search

Seasonality

Seasonality is a predictable change in demand at certain times of year.

Growth and Strategy

Segmentation

Segmentation is dividing an audience into groups, by interest, location or behaviour, so you can send each group a more relevant message.

Email and CRM

Sender reputation

Sender reputation is a score mailbox providers give your sending domain and IP address based on how recipients and filters treat your email.

Email and CRM

SEO

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving a website so it ranks higher in unpaid search results and earns more relevant visitors.

SEO and AI Search

SEO audit

An SEO audit is a review of a site's technical health, content and links to find problems and opportunities.

SEO and AI Search

SERP

A search engine results page (SERP) is the page a search engine shows after a query, including ads, organic links, maps, snippets and AI answers.

SEO and AI Search

Session

A session is a group of interactions one visitor has with your site within a set period.

Analytics

Shopping ads

Shopping ads are product listings with an image, price and store name shown in search results and other Google surfaces.

Paid Media

Short-form video

Short-form video is brief vertical video, usually under a minute, on platforms such as TikTok, Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts.

Content and Social

Smart bidding

Smart bidding is a set of Google Ads strategies that use machine learning to set bids to reach goals such as a target CPA or target ROAS.

Paid Media

SMS marketing

SMS marketing is sending promotional or service text messages to people who have agreed to receive them.

Email and CRM

Social commerce

Social commerce is selling products directly within social media platforms or through social conversations.

Ecommerce and Sales

Social listening

Social listening is tracking mentions of your brand, competitors and topics across social media to learn what people say.

Content and Social

Social media algorithm

A social media algorithm is the set of rules a platform uses to decide which posts people see.

Content and Social

Social proof

Social proof is evidence that others trust you, such as reviews, testimonials, case studies and customer numbers.

Content and Social

Social selling

Social selling is using social media, such as LinkedIn, to build relationships and start sales conversations.

Content and Social

Soft bounce

A soft bounce is a temporary delivery failure, such as a full mailbox or a server problem.

Email and CRM

Spam complaint

A spam complaint happens when a recipient marks your email as spam.

Email and CRM

Spam trap

A spam trap is an email address used to catch senders with poor list practices, such as buying lists.

Email and CRM

SPF

Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is a DNS record that lists which servers may send email for your domain.

Email and CRM

SQL

A sales qualified lead (SQL) is a lead that sales has accepted as ready for a direct sales conversation.

Ecommerce and Sales

Statement of work

A statement of work (SOW) is a document that sets out what work will be done, by when, for what price and how it will be judged.

Remote Work and Careers

Subject line

A subject line is the short text a recipient sees first, and it strongly affects whether an email is opened.

Email and CRM

SWOT analysis

A SWOT analysis lists a business's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to support planning.

Growth and Strategy

T

Tag manager

A tag manager, such as Google Tag Manager, lets you add and update tracking code on a website from one dashboard without editing the site's code.

AI and Marketing Tech

Take-home assignment

A take-home assignment is a task an employer asks a candidate to complete on their own time as part of hiring.

Remote Work and Careers

TAM

Total addressable market (TAM) is the total revenue available if a product won every possible customer in its market.

Growth and Strategy

Target audience

A target audience is the specific group of people a product or campaign is meant to reach.

Growth and Strategy

Technical SEO

Technical SEO is making sure search engines can crawl, render and index your site, covering speed, mobile friendliness, structured data, sitemaps and clean URLs.

SEO and AI Search

Third-party cookies

Third-party cookies are cookies set by a domain other than the site a person is visiting, historically used for cross-site tracking and ad targeting.

AI and Marketing Tech

TikTok Ads

TikTok Ads is TikTok's advertising platform for short video ads shown in its feed.

Paid Media

Time zone overlap

Time zone overlap is the number of working hours your day shares with your team's working day.

Remote Work and Careers

Title tag

A title tag is the HTML title of a web page, shown in search results and browser tabs, and a strong ranking signal.

SEO and AI Search

Topic cluster

A topic cluster is a group of related pages linked to one main page, built to cover a subject thoroughly.

SEO and AI Search

Tracking pixel

A tracking pixel is a small piece of code that records visitor actions and sends them to an ad or analytics platform.

AI and Marketing Tech

Transactional email

A transactional email is an automatic message triggered by an action, such as a receipt, password reset or order confirmation.

Email and CRM

U

UGC

User-generated content (UGC) is content created by customers or fans, such as photos, reviews and videos, instead of by the brand.

Content and Social

UK GDPR

The UK GDPR is the United Kingdom's version of the GDPR, kept in UK law after Brexit and supervised by the Information Commissioner's Office.

Compliance and Privacy

Unsubscribe rate

Unsubscribe rate is the percentage of recipients who opt out after an email.

Email and CRM

Upselling

Upselling is encouraging a customer to buy a higher-priced or upgraded version of what they are considering.

Ecommerce and Sales

USP

A unique selling proposition (USP) is the one specific reason a customer should choose you over competitors.

Branding and Creative

UTM parameters

UTM parameters are tags added to a link, such as utm_source and utm_campaign, so analytics tools can show where visitors came from.

Paid Media

V

Value proposition

A value proposition is a clear statement of the benefit a customer gets from your product and why it is better than the alternatives.

Branding and Creative

Vanity metric

A vanity metric looks impressive but does not show real business results, such as follower counts or raw page views.

Analytics

Video marketing

Video marketing uses video, such as tutorials, ads and stories, to promote a brand or product.

Content and Social

View-through conversion

A view-through conversion is a conversion that happens after someone saw an ad but did not click it.

Paid Media

Voice search

Voice search is searching by speaking to a phone or smart speaker instead of typing.

SEO and AI Search

W

W-8BEN

W-8BEN is a United States tax form that individuals outside the US give to a US payer to certify their foreign status, which can affect tax withholding.

Remote Work and Careers

Webinar

A webinar is a live or recorded online presentation to an audience, often used for education and lead generation.

Content and Social

Welcome email

A welcome email is the first message sent to a new subscriber, usually right after they sign up.

Email and CRM

WhatsApp marketing

WhatsApp marketing uses WhatsApp, through the Business app or the Business Platform, to send updates and support customers, with their permission.

Content and Social

Whitepaper

A whitepaper is an in-depth report on a topic or problem, often used in B2B to build authority and capture leads.

Content and Social

X

XML sitemap

An XML sitemap is a file that lists the pages of a site you want search engines to crawl and index.

SEO and AI Search

Y

YouTube ads

YouTube ads are video ads shown before, during or beside YouTube videos, and in its feeds.

Paid Media

Z

Zero-click search

A zero-click search is one where the person gets their answer on the results page and clicks nothing.

AI and Marketing Tech

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